Cervical Cancer Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Cervical cancer is a slow growing cancer that develops in the lining of the cervix, the lower, narrow part of the uterus that connects the uterus to vaginu.Procjenjuje the 12,200 women in the United States are diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2010 and 4210 died from it during that year. Fifty-eight percent of those 12 100 women aged between 45 and 74 year.5 year survival rate from 1999 to 2006 was 70 percent. New early screening tests and new vaccines contribute to improving outcomes for this form of cancer.

There are two main types of cervical cancer: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form, occurs in about 80 to 90 percent of all cases. It grows in thin, flat cells called squamous cells, which cover the surface of the endocervix, a part of the cervix of the uterus. Adenocarcinoma is more common in younger women, and forms in the gland cells in the endocervix.

Though scientists are not 100 percent sure how to develop cervical cancer, they were able to identify a number of risk factors that can lead to bolesti.Glavni risk factor associated with sexually transmitted viruses, such as some types of human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Bacterial based chlamydia, also transmitted during sexual activity, is another risk factor for cervical cancer. Other factors that can lead to increased risks as smoking, diet low in fruits and vegetables, obesity, long-term use of oral contraceptives and multiple trudnoća.Obiteljska history of cervical cancer is the second high-risk account.

Unfortunately, the symptoms of cervical cancer are asymptomatic (showing no symptoms) in the early stages. It's just that it was made ​​after the sub-phase and phase to become primjetna.Najčešći symptoms include:

• abnormal vaginal bleeding
  
• Abnormal vaginal discharge with light blood spots or light bleeding between periods.
  
• greater amount of blood loss during normal menstruation.
  
• Bleeding after intercourse, pelvic, or flushing.
  
• pain during intercourse.
  
• General pelvic pain.

diagnosis of cervical cancer can be made with several instruments and paintings uređaja.Dva most common instruments include a cystoscope (a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and an optical device at one end that is inserted into the vagina) and the proctoscope (similar cystocope, but it is inserted into the anal cavity to investigate the invasive forms of cervical cancer). the most common imaging tests include x-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and intravenous urography. Doctors can also perform the PAP test, a biopsy is taken in many cases.

While traditional cancer treatments of chemotherapy and radiation are often used in cervical cancer, there are eight different types of surgical procedures which include:

1. cryosurgery: type of surgery that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and kill cancer cells.
   
2. laser surgery: type of surgery that uses a laser beam as a kind of knife to cut away the tumor without causing bleeding.
   
3. Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP): type of surgery that uses a thin wire loop located around the tumor and delivers low-intensive electricity.
   
4. conization: type operations in which the mass of the cone shape of the tissue is removed from the cervix using laser or LEEP.
   
5. conization: type operations in which the mass of the cone shape of the tissue is removed from the cervix using laser or LEEP ....
   
6. total hysterectomy : type of surgery where the uterus is removed along with adjacent structures or organs (parametria and uterosacral ligaments, the upper part of the vagina is located near the cervix, lymph nodes, and sometimes the fallopian tubes and ovaries).
   
7. Trachelectomy: a new type of surgery in which the cervix is ​​removed while trying to preserve as much healthy tissue as much moguće.Limfni nodes are also removed. "Purse-string "point is created which will act as the opening of the cervix. Early trials show that women who have this type of surgery have fewer recurrences of cancer of the cervix.
   
8. pelvic exenteration: Similar to total hysterectomy, but more bodies are removed, which include the uterus, parametria and uterosacral ligaments, the upper part of the vagina is the cervix, lymph node, fallopian tubes, ovaries, rectum, and part of the colon and urinary bladder.

Cervical cancer can be prevented by changing those risk factors associated with the disease. These changes include:

• Delaying sexual intercourse until marriage
  
• Limit the number of sexual partners.
  
• Avoiding sexual contact with promiscuous partners.
  
• quitting smoking.
  
• to eat more fruits and vegetables and foods high in vitamins and minerals.
  
• exercise.
  
• Losing weight if obese.

Women can also get Gardasil, the new vaccine targeted at HPV 6.11, 16 and 18, all of which can lead to cervical cancer. This vaccine prevents HPV infection and can be used to treat an existing infection. Gardasil requires a series of three injections over six months. Gardasil only works on these four types of HPV does not prevent other types of HPV cause cervical cancer and, although these occurrences are extremely rare.